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Men in Spain are almost completely erased and replaced by the mass movement of people from the Russian steppe, revealed genetic analysis.
Transformation of the Iberian Peninsula, which includes today's Portugal and Spain, occurred between 4,000 and 4,500 years in the Bronze Age.
Experts have made this finding by studying the unique and chromosomal men in the region, taken from fossils from the past 8,000 years.
The same change was not observed in women whose DNA remained relatively "local", and scientists were unclear why such a dramatic change is "specific for men".
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Men in Spain are almost completely erased and replaced by the mass movement of people from the Russian steppe, revealed genetic analysis. The painting is one of the places where excavation work took place in Balma Guilania on the Iberian Peninsula
Researchers at the University of Huddersfield sequenced the 403 Iberians genome that lived between 6,000 BC and 1,600.
The study shows in detail how the population of Iberia drastically changed over time, from the origin of hunter-gatherers before the arrival of agriculture 7,500 years ago, to the Middle Ages and the modern age.
The most striking was the influx of new people during the later copper age, otherwise known as the Beaker Period due to the ubiquitous presence in the burials of large pots, about 4,500 years ago.
By the early Bronze Age, 500 years later, these newcomers accounted for about 40% of the Iberia genetic fund – but nearly 100% of their male lines.
This suggests that the newcomers are mostly men, and that – somehow – they all replaced men who lived there before, while local women survived the takeover.
Monitoring and chromosomes allows scientists to follow the male line from father to son because this genetic material is not present in women
The researchers said: "We uncover sporadic contacts between Iberia and North Africa by the year 2500 BC, and by the year 2000 before Christ, the replacement of 40% of Iberia's origins and almost 100% of its I-chromosomes by people of steppe origin."
Some of the finds found by archaeologists on the Iberian peninsula. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were found as brothers. The same change in genetic material was not observed in women, which remained relatively "local".
WHAT IS CELL BELL BEAKER?
Between 4,700 and 4,400 years old, the new bluish-tone style has expanded to western and central Europe, and this period is called "bell glass".
The name was given the name thanks to the characteristic bell-shaped glasses, decorated in horizontal zones with fine-toothed stamps.
Decorative vessels are almost ubiquitous throughout Europe and could be used as containers for drinks or festive urns.
It is believed to have originated in Spain, and the baker's people soon expanded into Central and Western Europe in search of metals.
However, the very diversity of glass artifacts across Europe made it difficult to define ceramics as coming from a particular culture.
A new study published in Nature suggests that Beaker culture has spread across Europe through two different mechanisms – the spread of ideas and migrations.
Bake complex grave items from La Sima III Barr, Soria, Spain. In the set there are baking pots so-called.
What is even more striking is that Iberia and India had a similar source – the population of early cattle, who lived in the north of the Black Sea in Russian steppe regions, 5,000 years ago.
They spread in both directions, westward across Europe and the East to Asia, a household-based economy, domesticated horses and wheels on wheels, which gave them a key advantage over indigenous agricultural populations.
Moreover, it is believed that today they have brought indo-European languages spoken across Europe and India.
About 2500 years before the new era, researchers discovered, the Iberians began to live together with newcomers from Central Europe who recently survived from these people on the Russian steppe.
Within a few hundred years, these two groups have largely blended.
An alternative option is that local Iberian women preferred newcomers to Central Europe in the context of "strong social stratification," says Dr Lalueza-Fok
Transformation of the Iberian Peninsula, which includes today's Portugal and Spain, occurred between 4,000 and 4,500 years in the Bronze Age. The painting is another archaeological site of the funeral in Cueva de Chaves
This was beautifully shown at the site of the Bronze Age known as Castillejo de Bonete in Spain, where women and men were buried buried next to each other.
Analyzes found that the feminine origin was entirely local, while the man had recent ancestors from central Europe.
"This is one of the strongest evidence in the ancient DNA research on sexual bias in the prehistoric period," said Inigo Olalde, a postdoctoral associate at the David Reich Laboratory at the Harvard Medical School and the first author of the study.
Marina Silva added: "This is an intriguing situation, since Beaker culture originated in Portugal, and from there spread throughout Europe – but at the same time, or soon after, men who probably spoke indo-European languages were moving in opposite direction.
"The solution of the population dynamics in Western Europe during the Copper and Bronze Age is a major step towards understanding the origin of Celtic languages, which were spoken throughout Western Europe before the rise of the Roman Empire."
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